International Business Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Business Finance - Essay Example The different structures of currency (fixed, pegged, etc.) also influence the risk. Fluctuations in forex rates have a direct impact on the sales revenues, and thus the profits of importers and exporters. This impact can be at all the three levels; short-run, inter-mediate term, and the long run. There are 4 factors that influence the fluctuation of forex rates: It is defined as the elasticity of the real domestic currency value of Assets and Liabilities, appearing in the financial statements to unanticipated changes in exchange rates. This value serves as a standard to evaluate discounted cash-flow evaluation. It is used for income tax purposes and for legal obligation to combine financial statements. Accounting exposure cannot be managed. Selection of valuation technique is immaterial as the choice doesn't affect any real cash flow except for taxes; the only correct method is economic value anyway. For simplicity and a consistent method current rate method is used. It is defined as the elasticity of the real domestic currency value of Assets and Liabilities, when assets and liabilities are liquidated with respect to unexpected changes in exchange rates for exporting, importing, or import-substituting firms. As the name suggests, it is the exposure that rises due to trading of goods and services, borrowing and lending funds, etc. Forex transaction exposure can be dealt by with the usage of contractual, operating, and financial hedges. Contractual hedges employ the forward, futures, money and options market. Operating and financial hedges employ the use of risk-sharing agreements, some types of financial derivative, and other strategies. In this part, we focus on contractual hedges. Hedging implies replacement of an unlock future exchange risk with a presently known exchange rate where alternatives such as Forward/Future Market Hedge, Money Market Hedge, Risk shifting (price all products in home currency), Pricing Decisions, or Currency Risk Sha ring can be used. Operating Exposure: It is defined as the elasticity of the real domestic currency value of Assets and Liabilities, or future operating incomes to unforeseen changes in exchange rates. They are based on the extent to which the value of the firm - as measured by the present value of its expected cash flows. Scenario I: Closed Economy Internal costs and prices are unaffected by exchange rate changes, therefore no exports or imports. Scenario 2: Open Economy Small, open economy and an international price for all goods and factors increase by 45%. Then, except for contractual exposure effects. There are two widespread misunderstandings about forex as follows: a) Only organizations having international operations are exposed to it b) Quoting prices for trade in local currency would eliminate the exposure. The true assumption that can be concluded from the two concepts is the fact that the structure is fairly static; however, it is not so. Competition from a foreign firm or exports may eventually cause problems for

Vampire Influences on Modern Popular Culture Research Paper

Vampire Influences on Modern Popular Culture - Research Paper Example â€Å"In essence, the domain of eroticism is the domain of violence, of violation,† Bataille wrote in the text ‘Death and Sensuality’ (1957). â€Å"The most violent thing of all for us is death which jerks us out of a tenacious obsession with the lastingness of our discontinuous being.† (Bataille, 1957) The area of experience which Bataille writes about is typically kept under the veils of secrecy and taboo, not to be spoken of publicly. Nevertheless, his theories open up an understanding of why the vampire mythologies have become so popular and prevalent in modern culture, because he shows how the sensuality of the experience is heightened when the religious, sexual, violent, and erotic images are mixed with narrative in a dramatic fashion. Bataille critically worshipped the orgasm as â€Å"la petite mort† or â€Å"the little death† in French, and through this association the power of the vampire stories can be seen in evoking a transcendence that takes the initiate from the realm of common life to the existence of immortals. (Fuchs, 2011, p.3) This theme is seen repeatedly whether it is in the â€Å"Interview with the Vampire,† Twilight,† â€Å"Lost Boys,† or â€Å"Dracula† imagery. The fusion of mystical, religious, and erotic imagery has the effect of taking the narrative beyond social taboos and therefore heightening excitement through the combined semantic value of the symbols in the minds of the audience. Death and Eroticism Bataille was an early member of the Surrealist movement in France, but focused primarily on literature and exploring the psychological relationship between death and eroticism in experience. His early work focuses on the violation of religious and social taboos, just as the vampire mythologies do in contemporary culture, albeit in a far more extreme manner than the television and films typically depict today. The reason for Bataille’s excesses can be seen in t he phenomenon of transgressive sexuality combining elements of religious mysticism, artistic creation, style, symbolic drama, and violence in the practice of eroticism. The vampire mythologies follow this same pattern, for example in the â€Å"Twilight† series, Bella wants to marry and experience eternal life with Edward Cullen as a type of higher love, while the settings of the vampire myth include religious elements fused with eroticism. As Bataille wrote, â€Å"The whole business of eroticism is to strike to the inmost core of the living being, so that the heart stands still. The transition from the normal state to that of erotic desire presupposes a partial dissolution of the person as he exists in the realm of discontinuity. Dissolution — this expression corresponds with dissolute life, the familiar phrase linked with erotic activity. In the process of dissolution, the male partner has generally an active role, while the female partner is passive. The passive, fe male side is essentially the one that is dissolved as a separate entity. But for the male partner the dissolution of the passive partner means one thing only: it is paving the way for a fusion where both are mingled, attaining at length the same degree of dissolution. The whole business